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Key Considerations for Edible Mushroom Cultivation During Cold Weather

Cold weather and cold waves can significantly impact edible mushroom production. Taking appropriate management measures can effectively mitigate these adverse effects and ensure smooth production. The following are the key points to pay attention to:

1. Harvest Mature Mushrooms Quickly

• Mushrooms in the fruiting stage are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, so harvest them as soon as possible before the cold wave arrives.

• Ensure proper insulation of the mushroom house to allow for the timely harvest of mature mushrooms.

• Remove dead mushrooms promptly to prevent the spread of diseases.

2. Reduce Moisture Content in Substrate

• Stop watering and keep the surface of the substrate and mushroom bed dry, allowing the mycelium to enter a slow growth or dormant state to avoid frost damage.

• If possible, cover the mushroom bed with straw, crop residues, or plastic film, and form an arch shape to reduce direct exposure to cold air.

• Limit the number of people entering and exiting the mushroom house to maintain a stable internal temperature.

3. Enhance Insulation of Mushroom Houses

• Add a layer of plastic film over the external structure of the greenhouse and install small arch greenhouses inside to create double-layer insulation, reducing heat loss.

• Cover the sides of the mushroom house with straw curtains, and build windbreak walls on the northern side using crop residues to block cold winds.

• Use plastic films at the base of the house to form a "skirt" to reduce cold air intrusion, stabilize temperature fluctuations, and protect the vitality of the mycelium.

4. Reinforce the Structure of Mushroom Houses

• Repair any damage to the mushroom house and seal gaps to minimize heat loss.

• Dig drainage ditches around the mushroom house to ensure smooth water drainage, preventing rainwater from damaging the substrate.

5. Ensure Proper Oxygen Supply

• Mycelium growth requires sufficient oxygen, and a lack of oxygen can lead to substrate spoilage and acidification.

• During cold weather, ventilate the mushroom house at midday when temperatures are higher, opening doors and windows to allow for air exchange and oxygen replenishment.

6. Post-Cold Wave Management

• After the cold wave subsides and temperatures rise, gradually reintroduce water to the substrate to aid in the recovery of the mycelium.

• Apply foliar fertilizers such as amino acids, humic acids, or glucose to boost mycelium activity.

• Resume regular cultivation practices to promote the next flush of mushrooms.

By following these measures, edible mushroom production can effectively reduce risks during cold weather and maintain high yields and quality.